Reliability of measuring first and second metatarsal and toe length

Abstract 

Background

The length of the first metatarsal relative to the second has been implicated in a number of different foot conditions, is commonly examined clinically, and has been analysed in the literature. Despite the interest in length differences, there is limited research that describes reliable, clinically applicable techniques of such foot measurements.

Objective

To develop and evaluate the retest reliability of three methods for determining relative first and second toe and metatarsal length differences.

Method

Both feet of 18 participants (mean age±S.D., 29.6±13.8 years) were measured using the three techniques on two occasions by one tester.

Results

Technique one, measuring the difference between the ends of the toes, displayed excellent test–retest reliability (ICC=0.98) and good measurement precision (individual score 95% CI −1.66 to 1.86). Technique three, the method of measuring relative metatarsal lengths using a sliding caliper had good reliability, but greater measurement error (ICC=0.76, 95% CI −4.91 to 4.43). Measurement of metatarsal length relative to a point outside the foot, technique two, showed only moderate reliability and poor precision (ICC=0.67, 95% CI −5.81 to 5.67).

Conclusion

Two clinically relevant, inexpensive and non-invasive techniques for measuring relative first and second toe and metatarsal length have been identified. These methods have the potential to be used in future research, within the clinical setting and during screening sessions.

Keywords: Metatarsal, Test–retest reliability, Anthropometric, Foot