The Foot
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Pages 156-160 , September 2009

A new scoring system for the evaluation of clubfoot: The IMAR-Clubfoot scale

  • A.K. Ramanathan

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
    • ,
  • F. Herd

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
    • ,
  • M. Macnicol

      Affiliations

    • Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, Scotland, UK
    • ,
  • R.J. Abboud

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 01382 496276; fax: +44 01382 496200.

Received 18 September 2008 ,Revised 21 April 2009 ,Accepted 21 April 2009.

References 

  1. Abboud RJ. Relevant foot biomechanics. Current Orthopaedics. 2002;16:165–179
  2. Herd F, Macnicol M, Abboud RJ. The need for biomechanical evaluation in the assessment of clubfoot. The Foot. 2004;14:72–76
  3. Herd F, Ramanathan AK, Cochrane LA, Macnicol M, Abboud RJ. Foot pressure in clubfoot—the development of an objective assessment tool. The Foot. 2008;18:99–105
  4. Wallender H, Hansson G, Tjernstrom B. Correction of persistent clubfoot deformities with the Ilizarov External Fixator—experience in 10 previously operated feet followed for 2–5 years. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavia. 1996;67:283–287
  5. Abboud RJ, Rowley DI, Duckworth T, Betts R. Foot pressure measurement. In:  Helal B,  Rowley D,  Cracchiolo A,  Myerson M editor. Surgery of disorders of foot and ankle. Martin Dunitz Ltd.; 1996;p. 123–138
  6. Hee HT, Lee EH, Lee GSM. Gait and pedobarographic patterns of surgically treated clubfeet. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2001;40:287–294
  7. Hutchinson RJ, Betts RP, Donnan LT, Saleh M. Assessment of Ilizarov correction of clubfoot deformity using pedobarography: a preliminary report. The Journal of Bone and Surgery. 2001;83-B:1041–1045
  8. Cooper DM, Dietz FR. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1995;77-A:1477–1489
  9. Harrold AJ, Walker CJ. Treatment and prognosis in congenital clubfoot. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1983;65-B:8–11
  10. Bensahel H, Dimeglio A, Souchet P. Final evaluation of clubfoot. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 1995;4(2):137–141
  11. Laaveg SJ, Ponseti IV. Long-term results of treatment of congenital clubfoot. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1980;62-A:23–31
  12. Jain AK, Zulfiqar AM, Dhammi IK. Evaluation of foot bimalleolar angle in the management of congenital talipes equinovarus. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaediacs. 2001;21:55–59
  13. Aronson J, Puskarich CL. Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1990;10:109–119
  14. Uglow MG, Clarke NM. The functional outcome of staged surgery for the correction of talipes equinovarus. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2000;20:517–523
  15. Henning EM, Staats A, Rosenbaum D. Plantar pressure distribution patterns of young school children in comparison to adults. Foot and Ankle International. 1994;15:35–40
  16. Tareco J, Sala DA, Scher DM, Lehman WB, Feldman DS. Percutaneous fixation in clubfoot surgery: a radiographic and gait study. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2002;11(2):139–142
  17. Kumar K. The role of footprints in the management of clubfeet. Clinical Orthopeadics and Related Research. 1979;140:32–36
  18. Aharonson Z, Volostin A, Steinbach TV, Brull MA, Farine I. Normal foot ground pressure pattern in children. Clinical Orthopaedics. 1980;150:220–223
  19. Lord M, Reynolds DP, Hughes JR. Foot pressure measurement: a review of clinical findings. Journal of Biomedical Engineering. 1986;8:283–294
  20. Putti AB, Arnold GP, Cochrane L, Abboud RJ. The Pedar in-shoe system: repeatability and normal pressure values. Gait and Posture. 2007;25(3):401–405
  21. Putti AB, Arnold GP, Cochrane LA, Abboud RJ. Normal pressure values and repeatability of the Emed ST4 system. Gait and Posture. 2008;27(3):501–505

PII: S0958-2592(09)00035-2

doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2009.04.001

The Foot
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Pages 156-160 , September 2009

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