The Foot
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Pages 197-200 , December 2009

The epidemiology of calcaneal fractures

  • M.J. Mitchell

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44 0131 3373221.
    • ,
  • J.C. McKinley
    • ,
  • C.M. Robinson

Received 27 March 2009 ,Accepted 5 May 2009.

References 

  1. Rockwood Ca , Greene DP. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. 4th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;p. 2405–62
  2. Brauer CA, Manns BJ, Ko M, et al. An economic evaluation of operative compared with nonoperative management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. 2005;87-A(12):2741–2749
  3. Buckley R, Tough S, McCormack R, et al. Operative compared with nonoperative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.. J Bone Joint Surg. 2002;84-A(10):1733–1744
  4. Kundel K, Funk E, Brutscher M, Bickel R. Calcaneal fractures: operative versus non-operative treatment. J Trauma. 1996;41(5):839–845
  5. Randle JA, Kreder HJ, Stephen D, et al. Should calcaneal fractures be treated surgically. Clin Orthop. 2000;(377):217–227
  6. Thermann H, Krettek C, Hufner T, et al. Management of calcaneal fractures in adults: conservative versus operative treatment. Clin Orthop. 1998;(353):107–124
  7. Sanders R. Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: present state of the art. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6(2):252–265
  8. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty five open fractures of long bones. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1976;58-A:453–458
  9. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III(severe) open fractures: a new classification system of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24(8):742–746
  10. Scottish Household Survey 2003. Information Services Division NHS Scotland.
  11. Bohler L. Diagnosis, pathology and treatment of fractures of the os calcis. J Bone Joint Surg 13:75–89.
  12. Essex-Lopresti P. The mechanism, reduction technique, and results in fractures of the os calcis. Br J Surg. 1952;39(157):395–419
  13. Bajammal S, Tornetta P, Sanders D, et al. Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19(5):360–364
  14. Cave EF. Fractures of the os calcis—the problem in general. Clin Orthop. 1963;30:64–66

PII: S0958-2592(09)00037-6

doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2009.05.001

The Foot
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Pages 197-200 , December 2009

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